1. Introduction about array CGH

Introduction to Array CGH

Introduction

Array CGH (Comparative Genome Hybridization) is a high resolution technique, and it can detect chromosomal copy number changes on a genome wide. Utilizing the human cancer of CGH technological analysis, obtain several chromosome areas which easy to induce cancer from it, the scientists want to understand the carcinogenic and restraining the cancer gene in these regions and further analyze in these areas.

Array CGH analyze the different chromosome of cancerous organization and to compare with the genetic mutation. To detect the specific gene of genome that has copy number changeability. At the end of genetic mutation, it could be compare to each other in gene expression, especially entire comprehensively for the 23 pairs of chromosome, and to explore the genetic transcription activity in the chromosome level. Diagnostic tool as the hereditary disease, for understand the cancer take place and how to treat has the highly help. The method is to use the different dye to label the two different cells genomic DNA, at the same time, it hybridizes with the normal chromosome, then contrast with the fluorescent intensity radio.

Motivation

To construct a useful and extensive website and let the users could ease to understand the array CGH. Through this website, the dream of it that is to encourage the user’s inspiration to improve problems of array CGH by inherent knowledge combined action.

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Background

DNA copy number

It is one kinds of the DNA aberration. The copy number has 200kb long replication DNA in whole genome. And the quantitative competitive PCR (QCPCR) analyzed system could detect the DNA copy number changed and definite quantity.

Because of the copy number aberration in the disease cell, for instances, the mitochondrion DNA copy number for adult’s blood has surpass in ten times, and neonatal muscle has 20-30% of copy number. When the pressure of oxidization, the tumor cell under chemotherapy, the hormone therapy, sport and explore in cold environment, the mitochondrion DNA copy number will increase. By contrast, the mitochondrion DNA copy number will decrease (Mt DNA Depletion syndrome) such as muscular dystrophy, inhibit mitochondrial polymerase-γ and the germination. DNA copy number increase, the oncogenes and drug resistance genes be activated, in addition, when the DNA copy number decrease, accompany metabolism reduced. So we study about the copy number changed to find out the procedure of the gene mutation and compare with gene expression level. It’s the great help for the cancer happened and treatment.

CGH

Since 1992, the CGH method for detected copy number is widely used. A classical CGH could detect alterations affected relatively large chromosomal regions and it has average resolution of 10-20 megabases. Hence, the array-based platforms used to filter the copy number changes; the BAC and OaCGH arrays are mainly two technologies, and introduced in “History” site. CGH array is two color hybridization, in general, compare interesting sample to reference sample.