《貝納達之家》完成於 1936 年，為西班牙著名詩人兼劇作家加西亞羅卡最後一部劇作。此劇與羅卡另外兩部劇作《血婚》、及《葉瑪》並稱為「農村三部曲」，分別從不同面向刻畫了西班牙女性的生活悲劇。三部曲中《血婚》以婚姻悲劇為主題，《葉瑪》描述不孕女性的悲劇，而《貝納達之家》則是處女的悲劇，是西班牙農村女子不得選擇丈夫的悲劇。此劇同時也傳達了另一層警示 — 抑制他人自由終究是得付出代價的。

　　羅卡在《貝納達之家》中刻意只安排了女性角色出場，劇中不斷被提及的男性不曾真正出現，但他卻和貝納達一家所有女性之間的矛盾和緊張息息相關。在這個安達魯西亞的故事中，女性受壓抑的一代養育出被壓抑的下一代，代代惡性循環，永無止境。羅卡將劇中每個角色的悲劇普世化，使劇中主題能與現代結合。

　　The House of Bernarda Alba, the last play by the renowned Spanish poet and playwright, Federico Garcia Lorca, was written in 1936. This play, along with Blood Wedding and Yerma, forms Lorca’s “Rural Trilogy,” which respectively depicts the tragic minutiae of women’s lives in Spain. In the trilogy, if Blood Wedding is a nuptial tragedy, and Yerma is the tragedy of barren women, The House of Bernarda Alba can be seen as the tragedy of virginity, of Spanish country girls who will never have the opportunity to choose a husband. This play also expresses a warning that one should pay for the costs of repressing the freedom of others.

　　In The House of Bernarda Alba, Lorca deliberately arranges that only female characters appear on stage, and the male who has been mentioned repeatedly in the play never truly shows up. However, he is closely linked to all the women and creates cracks and contradictions in the family. In this Andalusian tale, repressed woman breeds another repressed generation in an unending vicious cycle. Lorca universalizes these characters’ tragedies, and let them be wedded strongly to the contemporary.

　 劇 情 提 要 ( Plot )

　　西班牙安達魯西亞鄉下，貝納達正為她的第二任丈夫舉辦喪禮。為了使她的五個女兒不和其他異性接觸，貝納達強硬地命令全家守喪八年。

　　貝納達三十九歲的大女兒繼承一筆遺產後，一位青年馬上對她求婚。然而這個家中愛慕這位青年的並不止大女兒一人，四女兒暗戀著他，小女兒和他私下往來。

　　貝納達沉溺在對整個家的控制慾中，不曾注意到女兒的異狀，也聽不進女僕的勸告。順從、反抗、嫉妒、衝突，這位不曾露面的青年會給這個維持著表面平靜的家庭帶來什麼樣風暴呢 ?

　　In Andalusian countryside of Spain , Bernarda is holding a funeral ceremony for her second husband. In order to prevent her five daughters from having any contact with the opposite sex, Bernarda imposes an eight-year mourning on the whole family. Bernarda's eldest daughter, after inherited the legacy, is proposed by a suitor instantaneously. Nevertheless, in the family, the eldest daughter is not the only one who admires the young man; the fourth daughter is secretly besotted, and the youngest daughter intercourses with him clandestinely. Meanwhile, Bernarda wallows in her dreams of manipulating the whole family and never pays any notice on her daughters' unusual behaviors though her maid has warned her. In the family, the destructive confrontations between obedience, rebellion, jealousy are powerful undercurrents beneath the surface. What kind of crisis and hardship will the young man bring to the family?

　 角 色 介 紹 ( Roles )

貝納達。艾巴 ( Bernarda Alba )

　　一位寡母，六十歲，是整個家中的獨裁者。隨時隨地都帶著她的手杖，對女兒和僕人發號施令，以維護全家聲譽為最大目標，自認為將整個家打理的井井有條。

　　A widowed mother, sixty-year-old, is portrayed as a dictator within the family. She carries her walking wane all the time, and always gives commands to her daughters and servants. All she cares is maintain the family reputation and she personally feels that she organizes the household chores neatly.

安古斯蒂亞絲 ( Angustias )

　　貝納達的大女兒，三十九歲，體弱多病，在母親多年淫威之下已失去了對生命的熱情。她從繼父那裡繼承了一筆遺產，渴望藉結婚脫離母親的控制。

　　The eldest daughter in the family, thirty-nine-year-old, is weak and frequently ill. Worn down by her mother's manipulation, she has lost the passion toward life. She inherits the legacy left by her step-father, and craves for marriage in order to escape from her oppressive mother.

瑪格達蓮娜 ( Magdalena )

　　貝納達的二女兒，三十歲。對自己每天被關在家裡做女紅的生活不滿，也很清楚其他姊妹和自己有一樣的感受，但她不曾直接反抗母親，在幾個女兒中是很順從母親的。

　　The second daughter in the family, thirty-year-old, is sick of the shacking life of doing embroidery all day. She understands clearly that all of the daughters share with the feeling as hers, but she dare not rebel against her mother and always obeys her mother's orders.

亞美莉雅 ( Amelia )

　　貝納達的三女兒，二十七歲，是所有女兒中最怕也最順從母親的一位。在所有女兒中她最關心其他姊妹，對大姊能結婚很羨慕。

　　The third daughter in the family, twenty-seven-year-old, is the most obedient one among all the daughters. She concerns about her sisters and is envious of Angustias’ opportunity of marriage.

瑪蒂優 ( Martirio )

　　貝納達的四女兒，二十四歲，是幾個女兒中性格最複雜的一位。她視妹妹阿黛拉為情敵，非常嫉妒她。

　　The fourth daughter in the family, twenty-four-year-old, is the one who has the most complicated character in the play. She regards her younger sister, Adela, as a enemy in the pursuit of love, and envies her.

阿黛拉 ( Adela )

　　貝納達的小女兒，二十歲，是所有女兒中最叛逆的一個，個性非常剛烈。對於所愛她可以不顧世俗眼光、拋棄一切去追求。

　　The youngest daughter, only twenty-year-old, is the most rebellious girl in the family. She is unyielding, and willing to sacrifice everything to pursue love, regardless of whether the society will see her with disapproving eyes.

瑪利亞。約瑟法 ( Maria Josefa )

　　貝納達的母親，八十歲，是個瘋子，總是被家人關起來。她的瘋言瘋語看似胡說八道，實際上卻道出所有女兒不敢明言的渴望。

　　The crazy mother of Bernarda, eighty-year-old, is always locked up by the family. Though what she says seems to be nonsense, in fact, she expresses the desires which all the daughters do not dare to express.

波夏 ( Poncia )

　　貝納達的女僕，在這個家中服務了很久，最能洞悉家中一切，也只有她能對貝納達提出建言。

　　Bernard’s maid. She has served the family for a long time, and understands every tiny thing going on in the family. She is also the only one who dares to give advices to Bernarda.

女僕 ( Maid )

　　負責打掃和看守貝納達的母親。

　　She takes charge of cleaning the house and guarding Bernarda’s mother.

璞登夏 ( Prudencia )

　　貝納達的鄰居，常到貝納達家作客。

　　Bernara’s neighbor. She often visits the family as a guest.